Performance survey of the advanced oxidation process of UV/H2O2 and UV/S2O8 in Dexamethasone removal from aqueous solutions

Authors
Reza Shokoohi
Mehdi Salari
Abstract
Introduction and Aims:

Pharmaceutical pollutants in aqueous can cause a number of health problems for people and other creatures. In this study, a survey of Dexamethasone removal from synthetic aqueous solutions was investigated by using UV/S2O8 and UV/H2O2 methods.

Materials and Methods:

This experimental study carried out at lab scale at a reactor with the batch flow. In this study, the parameters of time (5- 60 min), pH (3, 7 and 11), dose of S2O8 (0.1-7.5 mM), dose of H2O2 (0.1- 7.5 mM), and Dexamethasone concentration (5- 20 mg/L) were studied to specify their effects on Dexamethasone removal. Furthermore, the remaining concentration of dexamethasone was determined by spectrophotometer DR (model 5000) in the 241 nm wavelength.

Results:

Results showed that with the increasing amount of parameters of pH, retention time, and a dose of H2O2 and S2O8 and with decreasing parameter of dexamethasone concentration, removal efficiency raised. Removal efficiencies of dexamethasone in the optimum condition of time=40, pH=3 and dexamethasone concentration = 5 mM was obtained 47, 59, 82, 91, and 98 percent for UV/S2O8 concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.5, 5, and 7.5 mM, and 19, 49, 61, 65, and 72 percent for UV/H2O2, respectively.

Conclusion:

According to higher removal efficiencies of UV/S2O8 method than UV/H2O2, easier storage and moderate stability of S2O8 and also more oxidation ability of SO4- than OH°, it is better to apply UV/S2O8 method to degradation of dexamethasone.
Keywords
pharmaceutical pollutants
dexamethasone
Aqueous Solution
removal efficiency
Yoon Y, Ryu J, Oh J, Choi B-G, Snyder SA. Occurrence of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in the Han River (Seoul, South Korea). Sci Total Environ. 2010;408(3):636-43.
Boyd GR, Reemtsma H, Grimm DA, Mitra S. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface and treated waters of Louisiana, USA and Ontario, Canada. Sci Total Environ. 2003;311(1):135-49.
Mohle E, Kempter C, Kern A, Metzger J. Examination of the degradation of drugs in municipal sewage plants using liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry. Acta Hydrochim Hydrobiol. 1999;27(6):430-6.
Heberer T. Tracking persistent pharmaceutical residues from municipal sewage to drinking water. J Hydrol. 2002;266(3):175-89.
Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Thurman EM, Zaugg SD, Barber LB, et al. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999− 2000: A national reconnaissance. Environ Sci Technol. 2002;36(6):1202-11.
Calamari D, Zuccato E, Castiglioni S, Bagnati R, Fanelli R. Strategic survey of therapeutic drugs in the rivers Po and Lambro in northern Italy. Environ Sci Technol. 2003;37(7):1241-8.
Kümmerer K. Effects of antibiotics and virustatics in the environment. Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Springer; 2008. p. 223-44.
Bagatini M, Vasconcelos T, Laughinghouse H, Martins A, Tedesco S. Biomonitoring hospital effluents by the Allium cepa L. test. B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX. 2009;82(5):590.
Hektoen H, Berge JA, Hormazabal V, Yndestad M. Persistence of antibacterial agents in marine sediments. Aquaculture. 1995;133(3):175-84.
Rahmani H, Rahmani K, Rahmani A, Zare M-R. Removal of Dexamethasone from Aqueous Solutions using Sono-Nanocatalysis Process. J Environ Sci 2015;9(7):320.
Wen X, Ding H, Huang X, Liu R. Treatment of hospital wastewater using a submerged membrane bioreactor. Process biochem. 2004;39(11):1427-31.
Chelliapan S, Wilby T, Yuzir A, Sallis PJ. Influence of organic loading on the performance and microbial community structure of an anaerobic stage reactor treating pharmaceutical wastewater. Desalination. 2011;271(1):257-64.
Arsand DR, Kümmerer K, Martins AF. Removal of dexamethasone from aqueous solution and hospital wastewater by electrocoagulation. Sci Total Environ. 2013;443:351-7.
Amooey AA, Amouei A, Tashakkorian H, Mohseni SN. Performance of Clinoptilolite Zeolite in Removal of Dexamethasone from Aqueous Solutions. JMUMS. 2016;25(133):128-37.
Arslan-Alaton I, Dogruel S. Pre-treatment of penicillin formulation effluent by advanced oxidation processes. J Hazard Mater. 2004;112(1):105-13.
Tyagi VK, Lo S-L. Application of physico-chemical pretreatment methods to enhance the sludge disintegration and subsequent anaerobic digestion: an up to date review. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology. 2011;10(3):215.
Daneshvar N, Khataee A. Removal of azo dye CI Acid Red 14 from contaminated water using Fenton, UV/H2O2, UV/H2O2/Fe (II), UV/H2O2/Fe (III) and UV/H2O2/Fe (III)/oxalate processes: a comparative study. Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part A. 2006;41(3):315-28.
Azari A, Salari M, Dehghani MH, Alimohammadi M, Ghaffari H, Sharafi K, et al. Efficiency of Magnitized Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles in Removal of 2, 4-Dichlorophenol from Aqueous Solution. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2017;26(144):265-81.
Saien J, Osali M, Soleymani A. UV/persulfate and UV/hydrogen peroxide processes for the treatment of salicylic acid: effect of operating parameters, kinetic, and energy consumption. DESALIN WATER TREAT. 2015;56(11):3087-95.
Zhang R, Sun P, Boyer TH, Zhao L, Huang C-H. Degradation of pharmaceuticals and metabolite in synthetic human urine by UV, UV/H2O2, and UV/PDS. Environ Sci Technol. 2015;49(5):3056-66.
Zhang Y, Zhang J, Xiao Y, Chang VW, Lim T-T. Kinetic and mechanistic investigation of azathioprine degradation in water by UV, UV/H 2 O 2 and UV/persulfate. Chem Eng. 2016;302:526-34.
Abdolmotaleb SM, Asgari G, mehralipoor J, Shabanlo A, Almasi H, Firoze z. Sono-chemical oxidation of acid blue 113 in aqueous solution by using peroxide hydrogen and persulfate actived by Fe2+. water and wastewater journal. 2016;27(2):2-13.
Yuan F, Hu C, Hu X, Wei D, Chen Y, Qu J. Photodegradation and toxicity changes of antibiotics in UV and UV/H 2 O 2 process. J Hazard Mater. 2011;185(2):1256-63.
Weiner E. A Dic onary of inorganic water quality parameters and pollutants. Applications of environmental chemistry, A practical guide for environmental professionals. 2000;27.
Raharinirina D, Ramanantsizehena G, Razafindramisa FL, Leitner NKV, editors. Comparison of UV/H2O2 and UV/S2O8 2-processes for the decoloration of azo dyes Congo Red in various kinds of water. Fourth High-Energy Phys Int Conf; 2009.
Karimi B, Rajaei M, Habibi M, Esvand M, Abdollahy M. Effect of UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation processes for the removal of naphthalene from the water solution. 2013.
Xu Z, Shan C, Xie B, Liu Y, Pan B. Decomplexation of Cu (II)-EDTA by UV/persulfate and UV/H 2 O 2: Efficiency and mechanism. APPL CATAL B ENVIRON. 2017;200:439-47.
Buxton GV, Greenstock CL, Helman WP, Ross AB. Critical review of rate constants for reactions of hydrated electrons, hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (⋅ OH/⋅ O− in aqueous solution. J Phys Chem Ref Data 1988;17(2):513-886.
Kalra SS, Mohan S, Sinha A, Singh G, editors. Advanced oxidation processes for treatment of textile and dye wastewater: a review. 2nd International conference on environmental science and development; 2011: IACSIT Press Singapore.
Movahedyan H, Mohammadi AS, Assadi A. Comparison of different advanced oxidation processes degrading p-chlorophenol in aqueous solution. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2009;6(3):153-60.
Oppenländer T. Photochemical purification of water and air: advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)-principles, reaction mechanisms, reactor concepts: John Wiley & Sons; 2003.
Neta P, Madhavan V, Zemel H, Fessenden RW. Rate constants and mechanism of reaction of sulfate radical anion with aromatic compounds. J Am Chem Soc 1977;99(1):163-4.
Elmorsi TM, Riyad YM, Mohamed ZH, Abd El Bary HMH. Decolorization of Mordant red 73 azo dye in water using H2O2/UV and photo-Fenton treatment. J Hazard Mater. 2010;174(1):352-8.