Prevalence of Congenital Hypothyroidism and its Relationship with Risk Factors in Newborns in the Area Covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

Authors
Abdolhossein Karazhiyan 1
Mohammad Reza Majdi 2
Seyed Kazem Farahmand 2
Ehsan Mosa Farkhany 3
1 Family Medicine Especialist Neyshabur Health Deputy.
2 Associate Professor of Complementary and Chinese Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
3 PhD Candidate of Epidemiology, Vice Chancellery of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the important preventable causes of mental retardation in newborns. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in newborns in Mashhad and to determine its relationship with risk factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on data from the newborn screening program in Mashhad. The number of newborns was 117,457, whose information was extracted from the Sina system. By analyzing this information using SPSS version 16 software, the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in newborns was determined and the results of the study were determined.

Results: The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in Mashhad is 3.5 per 1,000 live births. In this study, the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism was not significantly associated with maternal age, infant gender, and mode of delivery, However, the mean age of mothers of infants with congenital hypothyroidism was higher than that of mothers of healthy infants. The results also showed a higher prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism among low birth weight (LBW) infants, with the average weight of affected infants being lower than that of healthy newborns. The frequency of congenital hypothyroidism was not significantly related to the type of delivery. In this study, the probability of congenital hypothyroidism was higher in infants whose parents were closely related. In this study, the frequency of congenital hypothyroidism was higher in the spring. The prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism was higher in infants born in villages and lower in cities, especially in the metropolis area of Mashhad. The frequency of congenital hypothyroidism was also higher in formula-fed infants than in breastfed ones.

Conclusion: According to the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism and its impact on children's health, it is recommended that other studies be conducted in the future to investigate the trend of this disease and its other risk factors.

Keywords
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Prevalence
risk factors
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