The Survey of 25-OH Vitamin D Serum Level in Young Women in Neyshabur

Authors
Mohammad Salehi
Karim Feizi
Mahmud Gholami
Farid Esmailzade
Abstract
Background and Aims

Vitamin D is a steroidal hormone which is necessary for human bones’ growth and development especially in young women during their pregnancy. Its deficiency is one of the main factors in metabolic bones diseases. The aim of this study was investigate level of serum 25-OH Vitamin D in the young women in Neyshabur.

Materials and Methods

This cross sectional study was performed from February 2014 to January 2015 in 841 young women in the range of 15 to 40 years old who had been referred by city physicians to ACECR (Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research). Serum 25-OH Vitamin D level was evaluated by Chemiluminescence method.

Results

Vitamin D deficiency (less than 10 ng/ml) was 57.31 percent in young women. Vitamin D insufficiency (10 to 30 ng/ml) was also 30.55 percent. It was also more deficient in winter 63.27 percent, comparing to summer 50.38 percent. The lowest amount of Vitamin D was seen in the group of 15 to 20 years old.

Conclusion

The enough amount of Vitamin D should be considered in women before pregnancy by regard to deficiency of 57.31 percent. So it must be inseparable part of pre-pregnancy tests.



* Corresponding Author: Iranian Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Medical Diagnostic Laboratory of Neyshabur.

E-mail: Mohammadsalehi73@gmail.com
Keywords
Deficiency
Vitamin D
Women’s Groups
Seasonal Variation
Iran
Garabedian M, Ben-Mekhbi H. Is vitamin deficiency rickets a public health problem in France and Nigeria?. In: Glorieux FH, editor. Rickets. New York: Raven Press; 1991. p. 215-21.

Holick MF. Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79(3):362-71.

Hernán MA, Olek MJ, Ascherio A. Ascherio, Geographic variation of MS incidence in two prospective studies of US women. Neurology, 1999;53)8):1711-8.

Holick MF. Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease. AM J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(6):1678-88.

Lips P. Vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism in the elderly: consequences for bone loss and fractures and therapeutic implications. Endocr Rev. 2001;22(4):477-501.

Lips P. Vitamin D status and nutrition in Europe and Asia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2007;103(3-5):620-5.

Petifor JM, Daniels ED. Vitamin D deficiency and nutritional rickets in children. In: Feldman D, Glorieux FH, Pike WJ, editors. Vitamin D. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 1997. p. 663-78.

Das G, Crocombe S, McGrath M, Berry JL, Mughal MZ. Hypovitaminosis D among healthy adolescent girls attending an inner city school. Arch Dis Child. 2006;91(7):569-72.

McKenna MJ. Differences in vitamin D status between countries in young adults and the elderly. Am J Med. 1992;93(1):69-77.

Bhattacharyya AK. Nutritional rickets in the tropics. World Rev Nutr Diet. 1992;67:140-97.

Holick MF, MacLaughlin JA, Clark MB, Holick SA, Potts JT Jr, Anderson RR, et al. Photosynthesis of previtamin D3 in human skin and the physiologic consequences. Science, 1980;210(4466):203-5.

Holmberg I, Larsson A. Seasonal variation of vitamin D3 and 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 in human serum. Clin Chim Acta. 1980;100(2):173-4.

Hutchinson G, Hall A. The transmission of ultraviolet light through fabrics and its potential role in the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D. Hum Nutr: Appl Nutr. 1984;38(4):298-302.

Weaver CM, Peacock M, Johnston CC Jr. Adolescent nutrition in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84(6):1839-43.

Oliveri MB, Ladizesky M, Mautalen CA, Alonso A, Martinez L. Seasonal variations of 25hydroxyvitamin D and parathyroid hormone in Ushuaia (Argentina), the southernmost city of the world. Bone Miner. 1993;20(1):99-108.

Docio S, Riancho JA, Perez A, Olmos JM, Amado JA, Gonzalez-Macias J. Seasonal deficiency of vitamin D in children: a potential target for osteoporosis-preventing strategies?. J Bone Miner Res. 1998;13(4):544-8.

Guillemant J, Taupin P, Le HT, Taright N, Allemandou A, Pérès G, et al. Vitamin D status during puberty in French healthy male adolescents. Osteoporos Int. 1999;10(3):222-5.

Guillemant J, Cabrol S, Allemandou A, Peres G, Guillemant S. Vitamin D-dependent seasonal variation of PTH in growing male adolescents. Bone, 1995;17(6):513-6.

Lehtonen-Veromaa M, Möttönen T, Irjala K, Kärkkäinen M, Lamberg-Allardt C, Hakola P, et al. Vitamin D intake is low and hypovitaminosis D common in healthy 9- to 15-year-old Finnish girls. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999;53(9):746-51.

El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Nabulsi M, Choucair M, Salamoun M, Hajj Shahine C, Kizirian A, et al. Hypovitaminosis D in healthy schoolchildren. Pediatrics, 2001;107(4):53.

Moussavi M, Heidarpour R, Aminorroaya A, Pournaghshband Z, Amini M. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Isfahani high school students in 2004. Horm Res. 2005;64(3):144-8.

Hashemipour S, Larijani B, Adibi H, Javadi E, Sedaghat M, Pajouhi M, et al. Vitamin D deficiency and causative factors in the population of Tehran. BMC Public Health. 2004;4:38.

Bassir M, Laborie S, Lapillonne A, Claris O, Chappuis MC, Salle BL. Vitamin D deficiency in Iranian mothers and their neonates: a pilot study. Acta Paediatr. 2001;90(5):577-9.

Mirsaeid Ghazi AA, Rais ZF, Pezeshk P, Azizi F. Seasonal variation of serum 25 hydroxy D3 inresidents of Tehran. J Endocrinol Invest. 2004;27(7):676-9.

Shahla A, Charehsaz S, Talebi R, Omrani M. Vitamin D deficiency in young females with musculoskeletal complaints in Urmia, northwest of Iran. Iran J Med Sci. 2005;30(2):88-90.

Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, Jenson HB. Nelson text book of pediatrics. 17th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2004.

Haden ST, Fuleihan GE, Angell JE, Cotran NM, LeBoff MS. Calcidiol and PTH levels in women attending an osteoporosis program. Calcif Tissue Int. 1999; 64(4):275-9.

Chapuy MC, Preziosi P, Maamer M, Arnaud S, Galan P, Hercberg S, et al. Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in an adult normal population. Osteoporos Int. 1997;7(5):439-43.

Thomas MK, Demay MB. Vitamin D deficiency and disorders of vitamin D metabolism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2000;29(3):611-27.

Heaney RP. Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(6):1706-9.

DRI dietary reference intakes: calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997.

Lehtonen-Veromaa M, Mottonen T, Nuotio I, Irjala K, Viikari J. The effect of conventional vitamin D2 supplementation on serum25 (OH) D concentration is weak among peripubertal Finnish girls: a 3-y prospective study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002;56(5):431-7.

Molla AM, Al Badawi M, Hammoud MS, Molla AM, Shukkur M, Thalib L, et al. Vitamin D status of mothers and their neonates in Kuwait. Pediatr Int. 2005;47(6):649-52.

Weick MT. A history of rickets in the United States. Am J Clin Nutr. 1967;20(11):1234-41.

Sedrani SH, Al-Arabic Abanmy A, Salman H, Al-Arabi K, Elidrissy A. Vitamin D status of theSaudis.V: Are Saudi children at risk of developing vitamin D deficiency rickets? Saudi Med J. 1992;13(5):430-3.

Majid MA, Badawi MH, al Yaish S, Sharma P, el Salam RS, Molla AM. Risk factors for nutritionalrickets among children in Kuwait. Pediatr Int. 2000; 42(3):280-4.

Sachan A, Gupta R, Das V, Agarwal A, Awasthi PK, Bhatia V. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and their newborns in northern India. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81(5):1060-4.

Atiq M, Suria A, Nizami SQ, Ahmed I. Maternal vitamin-D deficiency in Pakistan. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1998;77(10):970-3.

Bahijri SM. Serum 25-hydroxy cholecalciferol in infants and preschool children in the Western region of Saudi Arabia. Etiological factors. Saudi Med J. 2001;22(11):973-9.

Du X, Greenfield H, Fraser DR, Ge K, Trube A, Wang Y. Vitamin D deficiency and associated factors in adolescent girls in Beijing. Am J Clin Nutr. 2001;74(4):494-500.