ارزیابی شاخص‌‌های کیفی آب زیرزمینی دشت مشهد با استفاده از تکنیک‌‌های زمین‌‌آمار و GIS

نویسندگان
محمدرضا یزدانی 1
حمیدرضا کوه بنانی 1
جمال دشتی امیرآباد 2
مصطفی عظیمی نژاد 3
1 دانشگاه سمنان
2 سمنان - میدان سعدی - دانشکده کویرشناسی
3 دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار
چکیده
مقدمه

کیفیت منابع آب شرب رابطه تنگاتنگی با بهداشت و سلامت جامعه دارد. جهت اندازه‌‌گیری و پهنه‌‌بندی پارامترهای کیفی منابع آب می‌توان از GIS استفاده نمود تا به سهولت اطلاعات ذی‌قیمتی به فعالان بخش سلامت جامعه ارائه گردد. در مطالعه حاضر برخی شاخص‌‌های مهم کیفی منابع آب زیرزمینی بخش مرکزی شهرستان مشهد اندازه‌‌گیری و پهنه‌‌بندی گردید.

مواد و روش‌‌ها

در پژوهش حاضر شاخص‌‌های کیفیت آب شامل TDS، TH، سولفات، کلر،pH و سدیم در پهنه‌‌ای شامل 1580 چاه آب اندازه‌‌گیری گردید. سپس داده‌‌ها وارد محیط GIS شده و با استفاده از روش کریجینگ پهنه‌بندی شد.

یافته‌‌ها

شاخص کل مواد جامد محلول در %60 از منابع آب زیرزمینی منطقه و شاخص سختی آب در %81 از سطح کل منطقه از استاندارد ملی ایران فراتر رفته است. در خصوص شاخص سدیم تنها %3 از محدوده و در شاخص کلرید %6 از محدوده که عمدتاً در جنوب شهر مشهد و بخش‌های کوچکی در شمال غرب مشهد واقع‌‌اند از استاندارد فراترند. شاخص سولفات نیز در بیش از %9 منطقه مورد مطالعه در شرایط نامساعد قرار دارد. وضعیت شاخص pH منطقه مناسب بود.

نتیجه‌‌گیری

نتایج بدست‌آمده و نقشه‌‌ها نشان می‌دهد شرایط کیفی منابع آب زیرزمینی مخصوصاً در دو شاخص TDS و TH در بخش‌های جنوبی شهر مشهد نامناسب ارزیابی می‌گردد. این مسئله با تراکم بالای جمعیت در این منطقه و عدم زهکشی مناسب مرتبط است. لازم است استفاده از منابع آب زیرزمینی در نواحی بحرانی محدود شده و منابع آب سالم جایگزین برای مصارف شرب در این مناطق تعریف شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
آب زیرزمینی
کیفیت آب
دشت مشهد
GIS

عنوان مقاله English

Evaluation of Groundwater Quality Indices of Mashhad Plain using Geostatistics and GIS Techniques

نویسندگان English

Mohammadreza Yazdani 1
Hamidreza Koohbanani 1
Jamal Dashti Amirabad 2
Mostafa Aziminejad 3
1 Semnan university
2 Semnan - Saadi Square - Faculty of Desertification
3 Sabzevar University of medical science
چکیده English

Introduction

The quality of drinking water resources is closely related to public health. Using GIS, we can easily map the measured quality parameters and provide valuable information to community health services. In the present paper, some important indicators of groundwater resources in the central district of Mashhad city were measured and zoned.

Materials and Methods

In this research, water quality indicators, including TDS, TH, sulfate, chloride, pH and sodium were analyzed in a zone including 1580 wells. Then the data was entered to GIS Framework and mapped using the Kriging methods.

Results

The results of the research indicate that TDS and TH exceed in the most acceptable levels of the Iranian national standard in 60% and 81% of the total studied area respectively. In the case of the sodium index, only 3% of the area and in the chloride index, six percent of the area, which is located mainly in the south of Mashhad and small parts in the northwest of Mashhad, have exceeded the standard. Sulfate index is also in unfavorable conditions in more than nine percent of the studied area. The pH index is in suitable condition.

Conclusion

The outcomes illustrate that the qualitative conditions of underground water resources, particularly in TDS and TH are in the inappropriate condition in the southern parts of Mashhad. It is related to the high population density and the lack of proper drainage. It is needed to restrict over exploitation of groundwater resources in critical hot spots, along with defining alternative safe water sources for urban consumption.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Underground water
water quality
Mashhad Plain
GIS
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