سنتز سبز نانوذرات نقره با استفاده از اکالیپتوس کامالدولنسیس و بررسی اثرات ضدباکتریایی آن

نویسندگان
سمانه دولت آبادی
شکوفه عمرانی
الناز مهرافروز
راحله ژیانی
دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نیشابور
چکیده
مقدمه

با توجه به گسترش نگران کننده مقاومت‌‌های آنتی‌‌بیوتیکی نسبت به عوامل ضدمیکروبی کلاسیک، استفاده از روش نوین درمانی برای مبارزه با عوامل بیماری‌‌زای مقاوم ضروری به نظر می‌‌رسد. مطالعه حاضر به منظور سنتز نانوذرات نقره بوسیله عصاره آبی گل اکالیپتوس کامالدولنسیس (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)و بررسی اثر ضد باکتریایی آنها انجام شد.

مواد و روش‌‌ها

ما از یک روش بیوسنتز خارج سلولی سازگار با محیط زیست یعنی عوامل احیاکننده عصاره آبی گل اکالیپتوس کامالدولنسیس برای تولید نانوذرات نقره استفاده کردیم. تولید نانوذرات نقره با استفاده از تغییر رنگ، طیف سنجی فرابنفش، الگوی پراش اشعه ایکس و میکروسکوپ الکترونی نگاره تایید گردید. فعالیت ضدباکتریایی نانوذرات نقره حاصل در برابر باکتری‌‌های گرم مثبت و گرم منفی، با روش‌‌های میکروبراث دایلوشن و حداقل غلظت کشنده باکتریایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.

یافته‌‌ها

وجود نانوذرات نقره توسط حداکثر میزان جذب در nm 413، تغییر‌‌ رنگ تا قهوه‌‌ای تیره، طیف سنجی مادون قرمز و الگوی پراش اشعه ایکس تایید گردید. میانگین اندازه نانوذرات بین nm 80-67 اندازه‌‌گیری شد. در نهایت حداقل غلظت مهاری رشد و حداقل غلظت کشندگی بر روی باکتری استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس 3/12 و 6/25، باسیلوس سوبتیلیس 6/25 و 6/25 و سودوموناس آئروجینوزا 50 و mg/ml 100 اندازه‌‌گیری شد.

نتیجه‌‌گیری

نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که نانوذرات نقره سنتز شده به وسیله عصاره آبی گل اکالیپتوس کامالدولنسیس فعالیت ضدباکتریایی خوبی در برابر باکتری‌‌های آزمایش شده داشته و می‌‌توانند در زمینه‌‌های مختلف به عنوان یک عامل ضدباکتری استفاده شوند. انجام مطالعات بیشتری برای بیان اثر سمیت این ذرات ضروری به نظر می‌‌رسد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
سنتز سبز
نانوذرات نقره
اثرات ضدباکتریایی

عنوان مقاله English

Green synthesis and antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles using Eucalyptus camaldulensis

نویسندگان English

Samaneh Dolatabadi
Shokufe Emrani
Elnaz Mehrafruz
Rahele Zhiani
Department of biology, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
چکیده English

Introduction and Aims: Due to the developing bacterial drug resistance to classical antimicrobial agents, it seems necessary to produce an innovative therapeutic approach to eliminate resistant pathogens. This study aimed to biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using flowers extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and determined of antibacterial activity of produced AgNPs.

Materials and Methods: We used an environmentally friendly extracellular biosynthetic technique for the production of the AgNPs. The reducing agents used to produce the nanoparticles were from the aqueous flowers extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis. The AgNPs were characterized by color changes, the UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR analysis, XRD patterns and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) technique. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was investigated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria ,through broth micro dilution (MIC values) and MBC (Minimum bactericidal concentration) assays.

Results: An absorption peak at 413 nm and the color change to dark brown were corresponding to the plasmon absorbance of AgNPs and then were performed by FTIR and XRD methods. The average size of nanoparticles was observed between 67 and 80 nm. Furthermore, the MIC value of extract against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 3.12, 6.25, and 50 mg/mL, respectively. The corresponding MBC values were 6.25, 6.25 and 100 mg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion: Our findings confirmed that extracellular synthesis of AgNPs mediated by E. camaldulensis flowers extract indicated a good bactericidal activity against the tested bacteria and can be used in various fields as an antibacterial agent. Further studies are needed to characterize the toxicity effect of these particles.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Green synthesis
AgNPs
Antibacterial effect
Rios J, Recio M. Medicinal plants and antimicrobial activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2005; 100(1-2):80-4.
Ahmad N, Sharma S, Alam MK, Singh V, Shamsi S, Mehta B, et al. Rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried medicinal plant of basil. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2010; 81(1):81-6.
Adeniyi B, Lawal T, Olaleye S. Antimicrobial and gastroprotective activities of Eucalyptus camaldulensis crude extracts. J Biol Sci 2006; 6(6):1141-5.
Ayepola O, Adeniyi B. The antibacterial activity of leaf extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae). J Appl Sci Res 2008; 4(11):1410-3.
Babayi H, Kolo I, Okogun J, Ijah U. The antimicrobial activities of methanolic extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Terminalia catappa against some pathogenic microorganisms. Biokemistry 2004; 16(2):106-11.
Satari M, Shahbazi N, Najar Pirayeh Sh. An assessment of antibacterial effect of alcoholic and aquatic extracts of Eucalyptus leaves on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pathobiology Research 2005; 8(1):19-21. [Persian]
Srinivasan D, Nathan S, Suresh T, Lakshmana Perumalsamy P. Antimicrobial activity of certain Indian medicinal plants used in folkloric medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2001; 74(3):217-20.
Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. Biological properties of “naked” metal nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60(11):1289-306.
Sperling RA, Gil PR, Zhang F, Zanella M, Parak WJ. Biological applications of gold nanoparticles. Chemical Society Reviews 2008; 37(9):1896-908.
Torres-Chavolla E, Ranasinghe RJ, Alocilja EC. Characterization and functionalization of biogenic gold nanoparticles for biosensing enhancement. IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology 2010; 9(5):533-8.
Bhumkar DR, Joshi HM, Sastry M, Pokharkar VB. Chitosan reduced gold nanoparticles as novel carriers for transmucosal delivery of insulin. Pharm Res 2007; 24(8):1415-26.
Cai W, Gao T, Hong H, Sun J. Applications of gold nanoparticles in cancer nanotechnology. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2008; 1:17-32.
Dwivedi P, Narvi S, Tewari R. Green route to a novel Ag/PLGA bionanocomposite: A self-sterilizing surgical suture biomaterial. International Journal of Advances in Engineering & Technology (IJAET) 2012; 2(3):236-43.
Sharma VK, Yngard RA, Lin Y. Silver nanoparticles: green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities. Advances in colloid and interface science 2009; 145(1-2):83-96.
Gowramma B, Keerthi U, Rafi M, Rao DM. Biogenic silver nanoparticles production and characterization from native stain of Corynebacterium species and its antimicrobial activity. 3 Biotech 2015; 5(2):195-201.
Mohammed A, Albrahim J. Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial potency of silver nanoparticles using ZiziphusSpina-christi L. leaf extract. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 2014; 8(5):3903-8.
Manisha D.R, Alwala J, Kudle KR, Rudra Pratap MP. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using flower extracts of Catharanthus roseus and evaluation of its antibacterial efficacy. World journal of pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences 2014; 3(5):877-85.
Sulaiman GM, Mohammed WH, Marzoog TR, Al-Amiery AAA, Kadhum AAH, Mohamad AB. Green synthesis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of silver nanoparticles using Eucalyptus chapmaniana leaves extract. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3(1):58-63.
A.F.Abd E, Tahany M. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticle using Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract and its antibacterial activity. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 2013; 9(10):6437-40.
Okafor F, Janen A, Kukhtareva T, Edwards V, Curley M. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, their characterization, application and antibacterial activity. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2013; 10(10):5221-38.
Vilchis-Nestor AR, Sánchez-Mendieta V, Camacho-López MA, Gómez-Espinosa RM, Camacho-López MA, Arenas-Alatorre JA. Solventless synthesis and optical properties of Au and Ag nanoparticles using Camellia sinensis extract. Materials Letters. 2008; 62(17-18):3103-5.
Kudle KR, Donda MR, Alwala J, Koyyati R, Nagati V, Merugu R, et al. Biofabrication of silver nanoparticles using Cuminum cyminum through microwave irradiation. International Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures. 2012; 2(4):65-9.
Al din Haratifar E, Shahverdi HR, Shakibaie M, Moghaddam KM, Amini M, Montazeri H, et al. Semi-biosynthesis of magnetite-gold composite nanoparticles using an ethanol extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis and study of the surface chemistry. Journal of Nanomaterials 2009; 2009:23.
Lancini G, Parenti F. Antibiotics: an integrated view. Germany: Springer Science & Business Media; 2013.
Kazemian H, Ghafourian S, Heidari H, Amiri P, Yamchi JK, Shavalipour A, et al. Antibacterial, anti-swarming and anti-biofilm formation activities of Chamaemelum nobile against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2015; 48(4):432-6.
Areán CO, Palomino GT, Tsyganenko A, Garrone E. Quantum chemical and FTIR spectroscopic studies on the linkage isomerism of carbon monoxide in alkali-metal-exchanged zeolites: a review of current research. Int J Mol Sci 2002; 3(7):764-76.
Venu R, Ramulu T, Anandakumar S, Rani V, Kim C. Bio-directed synthesis of platinum nanoparticles using aqueous honey solutions and their catalytic applications. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem Eng Aspects 2011; 384(1-3):733-8.
Moyer CA, Brentano L, Gravens DL, Margraf HW, Monafo WW Jr. Treatment of large human burns with 0.5% silver nitrate solution. Arch Surg 1965; 90(6):812-67.
Sondi I, Salopek-Sondi B. Silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agent: a case study on E. coli as a model for Gram-negative bacteria. Journal of colloid and interface science 2004; 275(1):177-82.
Thakkar KN, Mhatre SS, Parikh RY. Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 2010; 6(2):257-62.
Stoytcheva M. Pesticides Formulations, Effects, Fate. InTech Janeza Trdine. 2011; 9:51000.
Sastry M, Patil V, Sainkar S. Electrostatically controlled diffusion of carboxylic acid derivatized silver colloidal particles in thermally evaporated fatty amine films. J Phys Chem B 1998; 102(8):1404-10.
Stern JL, Hagerman AE, Steinberg PD, Mason PK. Phlorotannin-protein interactions. J Chem Ecol 1996; 22(10):1877-99.
Ouda SM. Some nanoparticles effects on Proteus sp. and Klebsiella sp. isolated from water. American Journal of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology 2014; 2(1):4-10.
Kim SH, Lee HS, Ryu DS, Choi SJ, Lee DS. Antibacterial activity of silver-nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Korean J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 39(1):77-85.
Ravishankar Rai V, Jamuna Bai A. Nanoparticles and their potential application as antimicrobials, science against microbial pathogens: communicating current research and technological advances. In: Méndez-Vilas A, editor. Formatex, Microbiology Series, 2011; 3(1):197-209.
Sharifi-Rad J, Hoseini‑Alfatemi S, Sharifi-Rad M, Iriti M. Antimicrobial synergic effect of Allicin and silver nanoparticles on skin infection caused by methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus spp. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4(6):863-8.
Mobini M, AH M. Study of the synergy of silver nanoparticles and essential oil of Eucalyptus leaves against pseudomonas earuginosa. NAVIDNO 2016; 19(61):54-61. [Persian]
Nabipour Y, Rostamzad A, Ahmadyasbchin S. The evaluation of antimicrobial properties of zink and silver nanoparticles on pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. sjimu 2015; 23(5):173-81.
Kim JS, Kuk E, Yu KN, Kim J-H, Park SJ, Lee HJ, et al. Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomedicine 2007; 3(1):95-101.
Guzman M, Dille J, Godet S. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Nanomedicine 2012; 8(1):37-45.