Protective Effect of Royal Jelly on Liver Tissue in Nicotine-treated Adult Female Rats

Authors
Zhila Khodabandeh
Vahid Nejati
Gholamreza Najafi
Ali Shalizar Jalali
Fateme Rahmani
university
Abstract
Introduction: Nicotine is a nitrogenous organic compound and an active ingredient in a cigarette. This substance is toxic for cardiovascular, nervous and respiratory systems and various tissues of the body. In the present study, the protective role of royal jelly as an antioxidant on nicotine-induced liver histological changes and oxidative damages was investigated in rats.

Materials and Methods : In this study, 56 adult female rats were used and divided into 8 groups (n = 7) including group 1: control, groups 2,3 and 4: nicotine treatment respectively at a dose of 0.50,1 and 2 mg/kg body weight, Group 5: royal jelly administration at a dose of 100 mg/kg bw, Groups 6,7 and 8: 0.50,1and 2 mg/kg bw nicotine respectively with 100 mg/kg bw royal jelly. Nicotine and royal jelly were administered daily for 49 days in experimental groups intraperitoneally and orally, respectively. At the end of experimental period, serum and tissue samples were provided and used for serological and histological analyses. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests using SPSS software.

Results: Royal jelly attenuated oxidative stress and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase , alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase as well as hepatic tissue damages in nicotine-treated groups.

Conclusion: Royal jelly can have a protective effect on hepatic tissue of nicotine-treated rats.
Keywords
Nicotine
Liver
Royal Jelly
rat
Carvalho CA, Favaro WJ, Padovani CR, Cagnon VH. Morphometric and ultrastructure features of the ventral prostate of rats (Rattus norvegicus) submitted to long term nicotine treatment. Andrologia 2006; 38(4):142-51.
Miceli F, Minici F, Tropea A, Catino S, Orlando M, Lamanna G, et al. Effects of nicotine on human luteal cells in vitro: A possible role on reproductive outcome for smoking women. Biol Reprod 2005; 72(3):628-32.
Korman MG, Shaw RG, Hansky J, Schmidt GT, Stern AI. Influence of smoking on healing rate of duodenal ulcerin response to cimetidine or high-dose antiacid. Gastroenterology 1981; 80(6):1451-3.
Mulligan J, Cluette JE, Kew RR, Stack DJ, Hojnacki JL. Cigarette smoking impairs hepatic uptake of high density lipoproteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1983; 112(3):843-50.
Yuen ST, Gogo Jr AR, Luck IC, Ho JCI, Loh TT. The effect of nicotine and its interaction with carbon tetrachloride in the rat liver. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1995; 77(3):225-30.
Wetscher GJ, Bagchi M, Bagchi D, Perdikis G, Hinder PR, Glaser K, et al. Free radical production in nicotine treated pancreatic tissue. Free Radical Biol Med 1995; 18(5):877-82.
Yildiz D, Liu YS, Ercal N, Armstrong DW. Comparison of pure nicotine- and smokeless tobacco extract-induced toxicities and oxidative stress. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1999; 37(4):434-9.
Kovacic P, Cooksy A. Iminium metabolism for nicotine toxicity and addiction: oxidative stress and electron transfer. Med Hypotheses 2005; 64(1):104-11.
Howard DJ, Briggs LA, Pritsos CA. Oxidative DNA damage in mouse heart, liver, and lung tissue due to acute side-stream tobacco smoke exposure. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998; 352(2):293-7.
Husain K, Scott BR, Reddy SK, Somani SM. Chronic ethanol and nicotine interaction on rat tissue antioxidant defense system. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002; 25:89-97.
Helen A, Krishnakumar K, Vijayammal PL, Augusti KT. A comparative study of antioxidants s-allyl cysteine sulfoxide and vitamin E on the damages induced by nicotine in rats. Pharmacology 2003; 67(3):113-7.
Valko M, Rhodes CJ, Moncol J, Izakovic M, Mazur M. Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress induced cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 160(1):1-40.
Tokunaga KH, Yoshida C, Suzuki KM, Maruyama H, Futamura Y, Araki Y, et al. Antihypertensive effect of peptides from royal jelly in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2004; 27(2):189-92.
Shalizar Jalali A, Najafi G, Hosseinchi M, Sedighnia A. Royal jelly alleviates sperm toxicity and improves in vitro fertilization outcome in Stanozolol-treated mice. Iran J Reprod Med 2015; 13(1):15-22.
Esterbauer H, Cheeseman KH. Determination of aldehydic lipid peroxidation products: malonaldehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal. Methods Enzymol 1990; 186:407-21.
Aebi H. Catalse in vitro. Methods Enzymol 1984; 105:121-6.
Benzie IF, strain JJ. The ferric reduting ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of antioxidant power: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem 1996; 239(1):70-6.
Dhouib H, Jallouli M, Draief M, El-Fazaa S, Bouraoui S. The Effect of Nicotine and its Interaction with Ethanol on Biochemical Parameters, Oxidative Damage and Histological Changes in the Rat’s Liver. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) 2014; 8(1):72-82.
Husain K, Scott RB, Reddy KS, Somani SM. Chronic ethanol and nicotine interaction on rat tissue antioxidant defense system. Alcohol. 2001; 25, 2:89-97.
El-Sokkary GH, Cuzzocrea S, Reiter RJ. Effect of chronic nicotine administration on the rat lung and liver: Beneficial role of melatonin. Toxicology 2007; 239(1-2):60-7.
Anandatheerthavarada HK, Williams JF, Wecker L. The chronic administration of nicotine induces cytochrome P-450 in rat brain. J Neurochem 1993; 60(5):1941-4.
Nagai T, Inoue R. Preparation and the functional properties of water extract and alkaline extract of royal jelly. Food Chemistry 2004; 84(2):181-6.
Foreston WC, Tedesco FJ, Starnes EC, Shaw CT. Marked elevation of serum transaminase activity associated with extrahepatic biliary tract disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 1985; 7(6):502-5.
Aniya Y, Koyama T, Miyagi C, Miyahira M, Inomata C, Kinoshita S, et al. Free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective actions of the medicinal herb, Crassocephalum crepidioides from the Okinawa Islands. Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28(1):19-23.
Sharif S , Farasat T, Fatima N, Farooq, Naz Sh. Effect of nicotine on hematology, lipid profile and liver enzymes in adult male mice. Adv Anim Vet Sci 2014; 2(4):222-5.
Uzbekova D, ChugunovaL, Makarova V, Ryabkov A, Mirgorodskaya L. Efficacy of royal jelly and lactulose on thyroxin-induced liver in rats. Journal of Hepatology 1998; 28:157.
El-Nekeety AA, El-Kholy W, Abbas NF, Ebaid A, Amra HA, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Efficacy of royal jelly against the oxidative stress of fumonisin in rats. Toxicon 2007; 50(2):256-69.