Comparative Evaluation of the Eeffects of Aqueous and Alcohol Solvents on the Antibacterial Activities of Stinking Assa (Ferula Assafoetida) under in-vitro Conditions

Authors
Fatemeh Moshiri
Mostafa Govahi
Hajar Rajaei Litkohi
Amol University of Special Modern Technologies
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the increase in environmental problems as well as microbial resistance against antibiotics in recent years, efforts to expand and develop bioactive compounds with antimicrobial capability have greatly increased. Plant extracts are an important source of these compounds. The present study aimed to investigate and compare the antimicrobial activity of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Ferula assafoetida.

Methods: In this experimental study, the antibacterial activity of the aqueous and methanolic extracts of Ferula assafoetida was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated. Data analysis was performed using factorial experiments with a completely randomized design using SPSS 25 software.

Results: Results showed that the aqueous extract had higher antimicrobial activity compared to the methanolic extract. The highest zone of inhibition with a diameter of 30±0.2 mm was observed for the aqueous extract at a concentration of 400 mg/mL against the gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. The lowest MICs and MBCs were observed for the aqueous extract against gram-positive Bacillus subtilis at concentrations of 0.77 and 1.55 mg/mL, respectively.

Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed that the type of solvent and extraction method significantly affected the antibacterial effects of bioactive compounds. Different extracts of Ferula assafoetida, with appropriate antibacterial activity against bacterial strains, especially gram-positive ones, can be used as promising sources for health and therapeutic products.


Keywords
Antibacterial activity
Bioactive compounds
Ferula assafoetida
Minimum bactericidal concentration
1- Larsson DJ, Flach C-F. Antibiotic resistance in the environment. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(5):257-69.
2- Ghanbari Hassan Kiadeh S, Rahaiee S, Azizi H, Govahi M. Evaluation of biological activities of raw and cooked Brassica oleracea sprout extracts rich in bioactive compound Sulforaphane. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2021;28(3):236-47.[In Persian]
3- Singh C, Parmar RS. Antimicrobial activity of resin of Asafoetida (Hing) against certain human pathogenic bacteria. Adv Bio Res. 2018;9(1).
4- Alipour Kakroudi A, Rahaiee S, Rajaei Litkohi H, Ghanbari Hassan Kiadeh S. Comparison of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of various herbal essential oils: An In vitro study. J Birjand Univ Med Sci. 2021;28(4):322-34. [In Persian]
5- Zakerin A, Ahmadi E, Fasihi-Ramandi M, Abdollahi S, Molazadeh A, Jafari S, et al. The effects of ecologic condition on antimicrobial activity of endemic herbal extracts in fars province. J Adv Biomed Sci. 2015;5(1):111-9.
6- Patil S, Shinde S, Kandpile P, Jain A. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of asafoetida. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2015;6(2):722.
7- Dehpour AA, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Fazel NS, Mohammad NS. Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of Ferula assafoetida and its essential oil composition. Grasas y aceites. 2009;60(4):405-12.
8- Singh R. In-vitro evaluation of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of spices for antifungal properties. Indian J Anim Sci. 2007;77(8).
9- Sitara U, Niaz I, Naseem J, Sultana N. Antifungal effect of essential oils on in vitro growth of pathogenic fungi. Pak J Bot. 2008;40(1):409.
10- Salayová A, Bedlovičová Z, Daneu N, Baláž M, Lukáčová Bujňáková Z, Balážová Ľ, et al. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antibacterial activity using various medicinal plant extracts: Morphology and antibacterial efficacy. Nanomaterials. 2021;11(4):1005.
11- CLSI WL. M02-A11: Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests; Approved Standard. CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). 2015;32(1).
12- Danish P, Ali Q, Hafeez M, Malik A. Antifungal and antibacterial activity of aloe vera plant extract. BCSRJ. 2020;2020(1):e004-e.
13- Standard C. M07; Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically. Approved standard. 2018.
14- Abdollahi A, Mohammadi A, Fasihi M, Shayan R, Radmanesh R. Emergence of Bla-ctx-m-type Gene in Salmonella Enterica Serotypes Isolated from Patients Stool. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2011;28(116). [In Persian]
15- Hinds L, Kenny O, Hossain M, Walsh D, Sheehy E, Evans P, et al. Evaluating the antibacterial properties of polyacetylene and glucosinolate compounds with further identification of their presence within various carrot (Daucus carota) and Broccoli (Brassica oleracea) cultivars using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector and ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analyses. J Agric Food Chem. 2017;65(33):7186-91.
16- Hassanabadi M, Ebrahimi M, Farajpour M, Dejahang A. Variation in essential oil components among Iranian Ferula assa-foetida L. accessions. Ind Crops Prod. 2019;140:111598.
17- Devanesan S, Ponmurugan K, AlSalhi MS, Al-Dhabi NA. Cytotoxic and antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles synthesized using a traditional phytoproduct, asafoetida gum. Int J Nanomed. 2020:4351-62.
18- Álvarez-Martínez FJ, Barrajón-Catalán E, Encinar JA, Rodríguez-Díaz JC, Micol V. Antimicrobial capacity of plant polyphenols against gram-positive bacteria: A comprehensive review. Curr Med Chem. 2020;27(15):2576-606.
19- Haji Ghasemi M, Govahi M, Ranjbar M. Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous and Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Physalis alkekengi Fruit against Four Standard Strains in vitro. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci. 2022;22(4):323-32. [In Persian]
20- Gholami A, Arabestani MR, Ahmadi M. Evaluation of antibacterial activity of aqueous and methanol extracts of Allium Jesdianum plant on a number of pathogenic bacteria resistant to antibiotics. Pajouhan Sci J. 2016;14(4):18-26. [In Persian]
21- Ahmed K, Tariq I, Mudassir SUSM. 11. Green synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles by using methanol extract of plant leaf as reducing agent. Pure Appl Biol. 2021;5(3):453-7.