بررسی شیوع وزن کم هنگام تولد و ارتباط آن با فاکتورهای خطر در نوزادان منطقه تحت پوشش دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد

نویسندگان
عبدالحسین کاراژیان 1
محمدرضا مجدی 2
حمیدرضا بهرامی 3
احسان موسی فرخانی 4
1 معاونت بهداشت نیشابور
2 گروه اطفال و پزشک خانواده مشهد
3 دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، طب ایرانی و طب مکمل
4 دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد ، اپیدمیولوژی
چکیده
مقدمه: وزن کم هنگام تولد یک مشکل سلامت عمومی در سراسر جهان است و همراه با عوارض مختلف کوتاه مدت و درازمدت می‌باشد. هدف از مطالعه حاضر تعیین شیوع وزن کم هنگام تولد و عوامل خطر مرتبط با آن در نوزادان تحت پوشش دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد می‌باشد.

روش: این مطالعه مقطعی برروی داده‌های برنامه غربالگری نوزادان در مشهد انجام گرفته است. تعداد نوزادان مورد بررسی در این مطالعه 97569 نفر می‌باشد که داده‌های مورد نیاز از سامانه سینا استخراج شده و با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS نسخه 16 تجزیه و تحلیل‌های آماری انجام‌شده است.

یافته‎ها: شیوع وزن کم هنگام تولد در نوزادان مورد بررسی 7/8 درصد می‌باشد، که در نوزادان دختر بیشتر از نوزادان پسر بوده است و در بین نوزادانی که حاصل تولد دو یا چند قلویی بوده‌اند 6/7 برابر تک‌قلویی‌ها می‌باشد. شیوع کم وزنی هنگام تولد در مادرانی که سن بالا دارند 1/3 برابر بیشتر بوده و تولد به روش سزارین 1/17 برابر بالاتر از بقیه نوزادان بوده و در والدینی که نسبت فامیلی دارند 1/05 برابر بیشتر می‌باشد. با افزایش جمعیت محل سکونت والدین به تدریج از شیوع کم وزنی هنگام تولد کاسته می‌شود. شیوع تغذیه با شیر مصنوعی در نوزادان کم وزن هنگام تولد، 3/8 برابر سایر نوزادان می‌باشد. از شروع سال هجری شمسی به طرف آخر سال از شیوع کم وزنی هنگام تولد به تدریج کم می‌شود (0/001= P-value).

نتیجه‎گیری:نتایج این مطالعه نشان می‌دهد که شیوع وزن کم هنگام تولد در نوزادان مورد بررسی در سطح نسبتا پایینی می‌باشد، اما از آن‌جا که کم وزنی هنگام تولد از علل مهم مورتالیته و موربیدیته نوزادان می‌باشند لازم است اقدامات و برنامه‌ریزی‌های لازم برای کاهش شیوع آن‌ها توسط دست‌اندر‌کاران حوزه سلامت در این خصوص انجام‌گیرد.




کلیدواژه‌ها
کم وزنی هنگام تولد
شیوع
فاکتورهای خطر

عنوان مقاله English

Prevalence of Low Birth Weight and its Relationship with Risk Factors in Newborns in the Area Covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

نویسندگان English

Abdolhossein Karaghiyan 1
Mohammad Reza Majdi 2
Hamid Reza Bahrami 3
Ehsan Mosa Farkhani 4
1 Family Medicine Especialist, Neyshabur Health Deputy, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Department of Family Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Complementary and Chinese Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
4 PhD Candidate of Epidemiology, Vice Chancellery of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
چکیده English

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is a public health problem worldwide and is associated with various short-term and long-term complications. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of low birth weight in the neonatal population of the area covered by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences and to determine its association with risk factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted on data from the newborn screening program in Mashhad. The number of newborns was 97,569, whose information was extracted from the Sina system and by analyzing this information using SPSS version 16 software, the results of the study were determined.

Results: In this study, the prevalence of LBW in newborns was 7.8%, which was higher in female newborns than in male newborns, and among newborns who were born with twins or multiples, it was 6.7 times higher than in singletons. The prevalence of LBW in older mothers was 1.3 times higher, and cesarean section birth was 1.17 times higher than in other newborns, and it was 1.05 times higher in parents who were related. As the population of the parents' place of residence increased, the prevalence of LBW gradually decreased. The prevalence of formula feeding in LBW newborns was 3.8 times higher than in other newborns. From the beginning of the Hijri year to the end of the year, the prevalence of LBW gradually decreased (P-value = 0.001).

Conclusion: The results of this study show that the prevalence of low birth weight in the studied newborns is relatively low, but since low birth weight is one of the important causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity, it is necessary for health professionals to take necessary measures and plans to reduce its prevalence.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Low Birth Weight
Prevalence
risk factors
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