The effect of spirulina supplementation on chronic inflammation: A Policy Brief based on systematic review and meta-analysis on randomized clinical trials.

Chronic low-grade inflammation is a major underlying cause of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, type 2 diabetes, cancers, and neurodegenerative conditions. Reducing systemic inflammation is therefore a key public health priority. Spirulina, a microalgae rich in bioactive compounds, antioxidants, and essential fatty acids, has gained attention as a potential anti-inflammatory supplement. This policy brief, based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, evaluates the effects of spirulina supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Analysis of eight trials involving 337 participants showed that spirulina significantly reduces CRP levels, suggesting a clinically relevant impact on cardiovascular risk. However, no significant effect was observed on IL-6 or TNF-α. The findings indicate that a daily dose of 2–3 g of spirulina for at least 8–12 weeks yields the strongest anti-inflammatory benefits, particularly among individuals with chronic metabolic or inflammatory conditions. Ensuring high-quality production and safety standards is essential for public use. Strengthening regulation, supporting local production, and integrating spirulina into national prevention strategies may help reduce the burden of chronic inflammation in the population.